Internet-scale Computing Security - With the rapid growth of the number of global network entities and interconnections, the security risks of network relationships are constantly accumulating. As the basis of network interconnection and communication, Internet routing is facing severe challenges such as insufficient online monitoring capability of large-scale routing events and lack of effective and credible verification mechanism. Major global routing security events emerge one after another, causing extensive and far-reaching impacts. To solve these problems, China Telecom studied the BGP (border gateway protocol) SDN (software defined network) controller technology to monitor the interconnection routing, constructed the global routing information database trust source integrating multi-dimensional information and developed the function of the protocol level based real-time monitoring system of Internet routing security events. Through these means, it realizes the second-level online monitoring capability of large-scale IP network Internet service routing events, forms the minute-level route leakage interception and route hijacking blocking solutions, and achieves intelligent protection capability of Internet routing security.

Internet-scale Computing Security - Wireless Sensor networks can be composed of smart buildings, smart homes, smart grids, and smart mobility, and they can even interconnect all these fields into a large-scale smart city network. Software-Defined Networking is an ideal technology to realize Internet-of-Things (IoT) Network and WSN network requirements and to efficiently enhance the security of these networks. Software defines Networking (SDN) is used to support IoT and WSN related networking elements, additional security concerns rise, due to the elevated vulnerability of such deployments to specific types of attacks and the necessity of inter-cloud communication any IoT application would require. This work is a study of different security mechanisms available in SDN for IoT and WSN network secure communication. This work also formulates the problems when existing methods are implemented with different networks parameters.

Internet-scale Computing Security - The analysis shows how important Power Network Measuring and Characterization (PSMC) is to the plan. Networks planning and oversight for the transmission of electrical energy is becoming increasingly frequent. In reaction to the current contest of assimilating trying to cut charging in the crate, estimation, information sharing, but rather govern into PSMC reasonable quantities, Electrical Transmit Monitoring and Management provides a thorough outline of founding principles together with smart sensors for domestic spying, security precautions, and control of developed broadening power systems.Electricity supply control must depend increasingly heavily on telecommunications infrastructure to manage and run their processes because of the fluctuation in transmission and distribution of electricity. A wider attack surface will also be available to threat hackers as a result of the more communications. Large-scale blackout have occurred in the past as a consequence of cyberattacks on electrical networks. In order to pinpoint the key issues influencing power grid computer networks, we looked at the network infrastructure supporting electricity grids in this research.

Internet-scale Computing Security - The scale of the intelligent networked vehicle market is expanding rapidly, and network security issues also follow. A Situational Awareness (SA) system can detect, identify, and respond to security risks from a global perspective. In view of the discrete and weak correlation characteristics of perceptual data, this paper uses the Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) based on dynamic adjustment of the optimization step size to improve the convergence speed, and optimizes the extraction model of security situation element of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), based on Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), to improve the accuracy of element extraction. Through the comparison of experimental algorithms, it is verified that the algorithm has fast convergence speed, high precision and good stability.

Internet-scale Computing Security - With billions of devices already connected to the network s edge, the Internet of Things (IoT) is shaping the future of pervasive computing. Nonetheless, IoT applications still cannot escape the need for the computing resources available at the fog layer. This becomes challenging since the fog nodes are not necessarily secure nor reliable, which widens even further the IoT threat surface. Moreover, the security risk appetite of heterogeneous IoT applications in different domains or deploy-ment contexts should not be assessed similarly. To respond to this challenge, this paper proposes a new approach to optimize the allocation of secure and reliable fog computing resources among IoT applications with varying security risk level. First, the security and reliability levels of fog nodes are quantitatively evaluated, and a security risk assessment methodology is defined for IoT services. Then, an online, incentive-compatible mechanism is designed to allocate secure fog resources to high-risk IoT offloading requests. Compared to the offline Vickrey auction, the proposed mechanism is computationally efficient and yields an acceptable approximation of the social welfare of IoT devices, allowing to attenuate security risk within the edge network.

Internet of Vehicles Security - In construction machinery, connectivity delivers higher advantages in terms of higher productivity, lower costs, and most importantly safer work environment. As the machinery grows more dependent on internet-connected technologies, data security and product cybersecurity become more critical than ever. These machines have more cyber risks compared to other automotive segments since there are more complexities in software, larger after-market options, use more standardized SAE J1939 protocol, and connectivity through long-distance wireless communication channels (LTE interfaces for fleet management systems). Construction machinery also operates throughout the day, which means connected and monitored endlessly. Till today, construction machinery manufacturers are investigating the product cybersecurity challenges in threat monitoring, security testing, and establishing security governance and policies. There are limited security testing methodologies on SAE J1939 CAN protocols. There are several testing frameworks proposed for fuzz testing CAN networks according to [1]. This paper proposes security testing methods (Fuzzing, Pen testing) for in-vehicle communication protocols in construction machinery.

Internet of Vehicles Security - With the advent of the Internet era, all walks of life in our country have undergone earth-shaking changes, especially the drone and geographic information industries, which have developed rapidly under the impetus of the Internet of Things era. However, with the continuous development of science and technology, the network structure has become more and more complex, and the types of network attacks have varied. UAV information security and geographic information data have appeared security risks on the network. These hidden dangers have contributed to the progress of the drone and geographic information industry. And development has caused a great negative impact. In this regard, this article will conduct research on the network security of UAV systems and geographic information data, which can effectively assess the network security risks of UAV systems, and propose several solutions to potential safety hazards to reduce UAV networks. Security risks and losses provide a reference for UAV system data security.

Internet of Vehicles Security - With the development of urbanization, the number of vehicles is gradually increasing, and vehicles are gradually developing in the direction of intelligence. How to ensure that the data of intelligent vehicles is not tampered in the process of transmission to the cloud is the key problem of current research. Therefore, we have established a data security transmission system based on blockchain. First, we collect and filter vehicle data locally, and then use blockchain technology to transmit key data. Through the smart contract, the key data is automatically and accurately transmitted to the surrounding node vehicles, and the vehicles transmit data to each other to form a transaction and spread to the whole network. The node data is verified through the node data consensus protocol of intelligent vehicle data security transmission system, and written into the block to form a blockchain. Finally, the vehicle user can query the transaction record through the vehicle address. The results show that we can safely and accurately transmit and query vehicle data in the blockchain database.

Internet of Vehicles Security - The scale of the intelligent networked vehicle market is expanding rapidly, and network security issues also follow. A Situational Awareness (SA) system can detect, identify, and respond to security risks from a global perspective. In view of the discrete and weak correlation characteristics of perceptual data, this paper uses the Fly Optimization Algorithm (FOA) based on dynamic adjustment of the optimization step size to improve the convergence speed, and optimizes the extraction model of security situation element of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV), based on Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN), to improve the accuracy of element extraction. Through the comparison of experimental algorithms, it is verified that the algorithm has fast convergence speed, high precision and good stability.

Internet of Vehicles Security - As one of the effective methods to enhance traffic safety and improve traffic efficiency, the Internet of vehicles has attracted wide attention from all walks of life. V2X secure communication, as one of the research hotspots of the Internet of vehicles, also has many security and privacy problems. Attackers can use these vulnerabilities to obtain vehicle identity information and location information, and can also attack vehicles through camouflage.Therefore, the identity authentication process in vehicle network communication must be effectively protected. The anonymous identity authentication scheme based on moving target defense proposed in this paper not only ensures the authenticity and integrity of information sources, but also avoids the disclosure of vehicle identity information.

Intelligent Data and Security - Artificial technology developed in recent years. It is an intelligent system that can perform tasks without human intervention. AI can be used for various purposes, such as speech recognition, face recognition, etc. AI can be used for good or bad purposes, depending on how it is implemented. The discuss the application of AI in data security technology and its advantages over traditional security methods. We will focus on the good use of AI by analyzing the impact of AI on the development of big data security technology. AI can be used to enhance security technology by using machine learning algorithms, which can analyze large amounts of data and identify patterns that cannot be detected automatically by humans. The computer big data security technology platform based on artificial intelligence in this paper is the process of creating a system that can identify and prevent malicious programs. The system must be able to detect all types of threats, including viruses, worms, Trojans and spyware. It should also be able to monitor network activity and respond quickly in the event of an attack.

Intelligent Data and Security - Tourism is one of the main sources of income in Australia. The number of tourists will affect airlines, hotels and other stakeholders. Predicting the arrival of tourists can make full preparations for welcoming tourists. This paper selects Queensland Tourism data as intelligent data. Carry out data visualization around the intelligent data, establish seasonal ARIMA model, find out the characteristics and predict. In order to improve the accuracy of prediction. Based on the tourism data around Queensland, build a 10 layer Back Propagation neural network model. It is proved that the network shows good performance for the data prediction of this paper.

Intelligent Data and Security - The recent 5G networks aim to provide higher speed, lower latency, and greater capacity; therefore, compared to the previous mobile networks, more advanced and intelligent network security is essential for 5G networks. To detect unknown and evolving 5G network intrusions, this paper presents an artificial intelligence (AI)-based network threat detection system to perform data labeling, data filtering, data preprocessing, and data learning for 5G network flow and security event data. The performance evaluations are first conducted on two well-known datasets-NSL-KDD and CICIDS 2017; then, the practical testing of proposed system is performed in 5G industrial IoT environments. To demonstrate detection against network threats in real 5G environments, this study utilizes the 5G model factory, which is downscaled to a real smart factory that comprises a number of 5G industrial IoT-based devices.

Intelligent Data and Security - The introduction of the study primarily emphasises the significance of utilising block chain technologies with the possibility of privacy and security benefits from the 5G Network. One may state that the study’s primary focus is on all the advantages of adopting block chain technology to safeguard everyone’s access to crucial data by utilizing intelligent contracts to enhance the 5G network security model on information security operations.Our literature evaluation for the study focuses primarily on the advantages advantages of utilizing block chain technology advance data security and privacy, as well as their development and growth. The whole study paper has covered both the benefits and drawbacks of employing the block chain technology. The literature study part of this research article has, on the contrary hand, also studied several approaches and tactics for using the blockchain technology facilities. To fully understand the circumstances in this specific case, a poll was undertaken. It was possible for the researchers to get some real-world data in this specific situation by conducting a survey with 51 randomly selected participants.

Intellectual Property Security - The rapid improvement of computer and network technology not only promotes the improvement of productivity and facilitates people s life, but also brings new threats to production and life. Cyberspace security has attracted more and more attention. Different from traditional cyberspace security, APT attacks on key networks or infrastructure, with the main goal of stealing intellectual property, confidential information or sabotage, seriously threatening the interests and security of governments, enterprises and scientific research institutions. Timely detection and blocking is particularly important. The purpose of this paper is to study the security of software supply chain in power industry based on BAS technology. The experimental data shows that Type 1 projects account for the least amount and Type 2 projects account for the highest proportion. Type 1 projects have high unit price contracts and high profits, but the number is small and the time for signing orders is long.

Intellectual Property Security - Due to its decentralized trust mechanism, blockchain is increasingly used as a trust intermediary for multi-party cooperation to reduce the cost and risk of maintaining centralized trust nowadays. And as the requirements for privacy and high throughput, consortium blockchain is widely used in data sharing and business cooperation in practical application scenarios. Nowadays, the protection of traditional medicine has been regarded as human intangible cultural heritage in recent years, but this kind of protection still faces the problem that traditional medicine prescriptions are unsuitable for disclosure and difficult to protect. Hyperledger is a consortium blockchain featuring authorized access, high throughput, and tamper-resistance, making it ideal for privacy protection and information depository in traditional medicine protection. This study proposes a solution for intellectual property protection of traditional medicine by using a blockchain platform to record prescription iterations and clinical trial data. The privacy and confidentiality of Hyperledger can keep intellectual property information safe and private. In addition, the author proposes to invite the Patent Offices and legal institutions to join the blockchain network, maintain users properties and issue certificates, which can provide a legal basis for rights protection when infringement occurs. Finally, the researchers have built a system corresponding to the scheme and tested the system. The test outcomes of the system can explain the usability of the system. And through the test of system throughput, under low system configuration, it can reach about 200 query operations per second, which can meet the application requirements of relevant organizations and governments.

Intellectual Property Security - [Purpose/meaning] In this paper, a unified scheme based on blockchain technology to realize the three modules of intellectual property confirmation, utilization, and protection of rights at the application layer is constructed, to solve the problem of unbalanced and inadequate resource distribution and development level in the field of industrial intellectual property. [Method/process] Based on the application of the core technology of blockchain in the field of intellectual property, this paper analyzes the pain points in the current field of intellectual property, and selects matching blockchain types according to the protection of intellectual property and the different decisions involved in the transaction process, to build a heterogeneous multi-chain model based on blockchain technology. [Conclusion] The heterogeneous multi-chain model based on Polkadot[1] network is proposed to realize the intellectual property protection scheme of a heterogeneous multi-chain model, to promote collaborative design and product development between regions, and to make up for the shortcomings of technical exchange, and weaken the phenomenon of "information island" in a certain extent. [Limitation/deficiency] The design of smart contracts in the field of intellectual property, the development of cross-chain protocols, and the formulation of national standards for blockchain technology still need to be developed and improved. At the same time, the intellectual property protection model designed in this paper needs to be verified in the application of practical cases.

Information Centric Networks - This work expands on our prior work on an architecture and supporting protocols to efficiently integrate constrained devices into an Information-Centric Network-based Internet of Things in a way that is both secure and scalable. In this work, we propose a scheme for addressing additional threats and integrating trust-based behavioral observations and attribute-based access control by leveraging the capabilities of less constrained coordinating nodes at the network edge close to IoT devices. These coordinating devices have better insight into the behavior of their constituent devices and access to a trusted overall security management cloud service. We leverage two modules, the security manager (SM) and trust manager (TM). The former provides data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and authorization, while the latter analyzes the nodes behavior using a trust model factoring in a set of service and network communication attributes. The trust model allows trust to be integrated into the SM s access control policies, allowing access to resources to be restricted to trusted nodes.

Information Centric Networks - Tactical Data Link (TDL) is one of the important elements in Network Centric Warfare (NCW). TDL provides the means for rapid exchange of tactical information between air, ground, sea units and command centers. In military operations, TDL has high demands for resilience, responsiveness, reliability, availability and security. MANET has characteristics that are suitable for the combat environment, namely the ability to self-form and self-healing so that this network may be applied to the TDL system. To produce high performance in MANET adapted for TDL system, an efficient MAC Protocol method is needed. This paper provides a survey of several MAC Protocol methods on a tactical MANET. In this paper also suggests some improvements to the MANET MAC protocol to improve TDL system performance.

Information Centric Networks - The 6G wireless communication networks are being studied to build a powerful networking system with global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better intelligent level and security. This paper presents a four-in-one networking paradigm named 3CL-Net that would broaden and strengthen the capabilities of current networking by introducing ubiquitous computing, caching, and intelligence over the communication connection to build 6G-required capabilities. To evaluate the practicability of 3CL-Net, this paper designs a platform based on the 3CL-Net architecture. The platform adopts leader-followers structure that could support all functions of 3CL-Net, but separate missions of 3CL-Net into two parts. Moreover, this paper has implemented part of functions as a prototype, on which some experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate that 3CL-Net is potential to be a practical and effective network paradigm to meet future requirements, meanwhile, 3CL-Net could motivate designs of related platforms as well.

Information Centric Networks - This paper proposes a Mobile IoT optimization method for Next-Generation networks by evaluating a series of named-based techniques implemented in Information-Centric Networking (ICN). The idea is based on the possibility to have a more suitable naming and forwarding mechanism to be implemented in IoT. The main advantage of the method is in achieving a higher success packet rate and data rate by following the proposed technique even when the device is mobile / roaming around. The proposed technique is utilizing a root prefix naming which allows faster process and dynamic increase for content waiting time in Pending Interest Table (PIT). To test the idea, a simulation is carried out by mimicking how IoT can be implemented, especially in smart cities, where a user can also travel and not be static. Results show that the proposed technique can achieve up to a 13\% interest success rate and an 18.7\% data rate increase compared to the well-known implementation algorithms. The findings allow for possible further cooperation of data security factors and ensuring energy reduction through leveraging more processes at the edge node.

Information Forensics - With large advancements in image display technology, recapturing high-quality images from high-fidelity LCD screens becomes much easier. Such recaptured images can be used to hide image tampering traces and fool some intelligent identification systems. In order to prevent such a security loophole, we propose a recaptured image detection approach based on generalized central difference convolution (GCDC) network. Specifically, by using GCDC instead of vanilla convolution, more detailed features can be extracted from both intensity and gradient information from an image. Meanwhile, we concatenate the feature maps from multiple GCDC modules to fuse low-, mid-, and high-level features for higher performance. Extensive experiments on three public recaptured image databases demonstrate the superior of our proposed method when compared with the state-of-the-art approaches.

Information Forensics - As an important branch of computer forensics, network forensics technology, whether abroad or at home, is in its infancy. It mainly focuses on the research on the framework of some forensics systems or some local problems, and has not formed a systematic theory, method and system. In order to improve the network forensics sys-tem, have a relatively stable and correct model for refer-ence, ensure the authenticity and credibility of network fo-rensics from the forensics steps, provide professional and non professional personnel with a standard to measure the availability of computer network crime investigation, guide the current network forensics process, and promote the gradual maturity of network forensics theories and methods, This paper presents a fuzzy decision tree reason-ing method for network forensics analysis.

Information Theoretic Security - From an information-theoretic standpoint, the intrusion detection process can be examined. Given the IDS output(alarm data), we should have less uncertainty regarding the input (event data). We propose the Capability of Intrusion Detection (CID) measure, which is simply the ratio of mutual information between IDS input and output, and the input of entropy. CID has the desirable properties of (1) naturally accounting for all important aspects of detection capability, such as true positive rate, false positive rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and base rate, (2) objectively providing an intrinsic measure of intrusion detection capability, and (3) being sensitive to IDS operation parameters. When finetuning an IDS, we believe that CID is the best performance metric to use. In terms of the IDS’ inherent ability to classify input data, the so obtained operation point is the best that it can achieve.

Information Theoretic Security - Geospatial fog computing system offers various benefits as a platform for geospatial computing services closer to the end users, including very low latency, good mobility, precise position awareness, and widespread distribution. In recent years, it has grown quickly. Fog nodes security is susceptible to a number of assaults, including denial of service and resource abuse, because to their widespread distribution, complex network environments, and restricted resource availability. This paper proposes a Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)-based geospatial quantum fog computing environment that offers a symmetric secret key negotiation protocol that can preserve information-theoretic security. In QKD, after being negotiated between any two fog nodes, the secret keys can be given to several users in various locations to maintain forward secrecy and long-term protection. The new geospatial quantum fog computing environment proposed in this work is able to successfully withstand a variety of fog computing assaults and enhances information security.