The computing capability of the embedded systems and bandwidth of the home network increase rapidly due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies. Many home appliances such as TVs, refrigerators, or air conditioners are now connected to the internet, then, the controlling firmware modules are automatically updatable via the network. TR-069 is a widely adopted standard for automatic appliance management and firmware update. Maintaining a TR069 network usually involves the design and deployment of the overall security and trust infrastructure, the update file repository and the update audit mechanisms. Thus, maintaining a dedicated TR-069 network is a heavy burden for the vendors of home appliances. Blockchain is an emerging technology that provides a secure and trust infrastructure based on distributed consensus. This paper reports the results of our initial attempt to design a prototype of a multitenant TR-069 platform based on the blockchain. The core idea is to reify each automatic deployment task as a smart contract instance whose transactions are recorded in the append-only distributed ledger and verified by the peers. Also, the overall design should be transparent to the original TR069 entities. We have built a prototype based on the proposed architecture to verify the feasibility in three key scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible and is able to scale linearly in proportion to the number of managed devices.

Connected vehicles need to generate, store, process, and exchange a multitude of information with their environment. Much of this information is privacy-critical and thus regulated by privacy laws like the GDPR for Europe. In this paper, we analyze and rate exemplary data (flows) of the electric driving domain with regard to their criticality based on a reference architecture. We classify the corresponding ECUs based on their processed privacy-critical data and propose technical mitigation measures and technologies in form of generic privacy-enhancing building blocks according to the classification and requirements derived from the GDPR.

The integrated big data platform aims to provide one-stop development and operation capabilities for massive heterogeneous data. Various components are organically combined and managed in a unified way. At the same time, the underlying technical details are shielded from users, so as to finally achieve the purpose of convenient data development, reducing operation and maintenance costs, and standardizing management processes. This article introduces the functional modules that the platform should have one by one, covering data storage, data integration, data management and governance, data development, data processing and analysis, high availability, operation and maintenance management, and data security. Finally, the typical characteristics and development direction of the integrated big data platform are pointed out.

Practical cryptographic systems rely on a true random number generator (TRNG), which is a necessary component in any hardware Root-of-Trust (RoT). Hardware trust anchors are also integrated into larger chips, for instance as hard-IP cores in FPGAs, where the remaining FPGA fabric is freely programmable. To provide security guarantees, proper operation of the TRNG is critical. By that, adversaries are interested to tamper with the ability of TRNGs to produce unpredictable random numbers. In this paper, we show that an FPGA on-chip attack can reduce the true randomness of a TRNG integrated as a hard-IP module in the FPGA. This module is considered to be an immutable security module, compliant with NIST SP 800193 Platform Firmware Resilience Guidelines (PFR), which is a well known guideline for system resilience, and it is also certified by the Cryptographic Algorithm Validation Program (CAVP). By performing an on-chip voltage drop-based fault attack with user-programmable FPGA logic, the random numbers produced by the IP core fail NIST SP 800-22 and BSI AIS31 tests, meaning they are not truly random anymore. By that, this paper shows that new attack vectors can break even verified IP cores, since on-chip attacks are usually not considered in the threat model, which can still affect highly integrated systems.

Employing Trusted Execution Environment (TEE) technology such as ARM TrustZone to deploy sensitive security modules and credentials for secure, authenticated access is the go-to solution to address integrity and confidentiality challenges in untrusted devices. While it has been attracting attention as an effective building block for secure enterprise IT systems (e.g., BYOD), these secure operating systems are often not open-source, and thus system operators and developers have to largely depend on mobile platform vendors to deploy their applications in the secure world on TEE. Our solution, called GateKeeper, addresses the primary obstacle for system operators to adopt ARM TrustZone TEE to deploy their own, in-house security systems, by enabling the operators more control and flexibility on Trusted App (TA) installation and update procedure without mandating involvement of the mobile platform vendors at each iteration. In this paper, we first formulate an ecosystem for enabling such operator-centric TA management, and then discuss the design of GateKeeper, which is a comprehensive framework to enable operator-centric TA management on top of GlobalPlatform specification. We further present a proof-ofconcept implementation using OP-TEE open-source secure OS to demonstrate the feasibility and practical resource consumption (less than 1000 lines of code and 500 KBytes on memory).

The computing capability of the embedded systems and bandwidth of the home network increase rapidly due to the rapid development of information and communication technologies. Many home appliances such as TVs, refrigerators, or air conditioners are now connected to the internet, then, the controlling firmware modules are automatically updatable via the network. TR-069 is a widely adopted standard for automatic appliance management and firmware update. Maintaining a TR069 network usually involves the design and deployment of the overall security and trust infrastructure, the update file repository and the update audit mechanisms. Thus, maintaining a dedicated TR-069 network is a heavy burden for the vendors of home appliances. Blockchain is an emerging technology that provides a secure and trust infrastructure based on distributed consensus. This paper reports the results of our initial attempt to design a prototype of a multitenant TR-069 platform based on the blockchain. The core idea is to reify each automatic deployment task as a smart contract instance whose transactions are recorded in the append-only distributed ledger and verified by the peers. Also, the overall design should be transparent to the original TR069 entities. We have built a prototype based on the proposed architecture to verify the feasibility in three key scenarios. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is feasible and is able to scale linearly in proportion to the number of managed devices.

Internet of Things (IoT) devices are increasingly deployed nowadays in various security-sensitive contexts, e.g., inside homes or in critical infrastructures. The data they collect is of interest to attackers as it may reveal living habits, personal data, or the operational status of specific targets. This paper presents an approach to counter software manipulation attacks against running processes, data, or configuration files on an IoT device, by exploiting trusted computing techniques and remote attestation. We have used a Raspberry Pi 4 single-board computer device equipped with Infineon Trusted Platform Module (TPM) v2, acting as an attester. A verifier node continuously monitors the attester and checks its integrity through remote attestation protocol and TPM-enabled operations. We have exploited the Keylime framework from MIT Lincoln Laboratories as remote attestation software. Through tests, we show that remote attestation can be performed within short time (in order of seconds), allowing to restrict the window of exposure of such devices to attacks against the running software and/or hosted data.

In this paper, the electronic structure of selfassembled InGaN/GaN nanowire heterojunctions is investigated. By growing the "T" shaped InGaN/GaN nanowire heterojunction structure, the crystal quality of InGaN was improved, and the phase separation phenomenon of In0.5Ga0.5N nanowires was found. Firstly, it is found that the morphology of GaN self-assembled nanowires is better when the V/III ratio is 9. Then, the morphology and physical properties of InGaN/GaN nanowire heterojunctions with different in compositions were studied. It was found that with the increase of the in composition, the lateral extension of InGaN became serious and the crystal quality deteriorated. A trusted platform module with a similar mechanism but oriented to the cloud environment was proposed, which could monitor the security status of all virtual machines in the virtual group and give Validators provide a view of the trusted state of semiconductor materials.

With the development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology, the digital pill has been employed as an IoT system for emerging remote health monitoring to detect the impact of medicine intake on patients’ biological index. The medical data is then used for model training with federated learning. An adversary can launch poisoning attacks by tampering with patients’ medical data, which will lead to misdiagnosis of the patients’ conditions. Lots of studies have been conducted to defend against poisoning attacks based on blockchain or hardware. However, 1) Blockchain-based schemes can only exploit on-chain data to deal with poisoning attacks due to the lack of off-chain trusted entities. 2) Typical hardware-based schemes have the bottleneck of single point of failure. To overcome these defects, we propose a defense scheme via multiple Trusted Platform Modules (TPMs) and blockchain oracle. Benefitting from multiple TPMs verification results, a distributed blockchain oracle is proposed to obtain off-chain verification results for smart contracts. Then, the smart contracts could utilize the off-chain verification result to identify poisoning attacks and store the unique identifiers of the non-threatening IoT device immutably on the blockchain as a whitelist of federated learning participants. Finally, we analyze the security features and evaluate the performance of our scheme, which shows the robustness and efficiency of the proposed work.

Embedded smart devices are widely used in people s life, and the security problems of embedded smart devices are becoming more and more prominent. Meanwhile lots of methods based on software have been presented to boot the system safely and ensure the security of the system execution environment. However, it is easy to attack and destroy the methods based on software, which will cause that the security of the system cannot be guaranteed. Trusted Computing Group proposed the method of using Trusted Platform Module (TPM) to authenticate the credibility of the platform, which can solve the disadvantages of using methods based on software to protect the system. However, due to the limited resource and volume of embedded smart devices, it is impossible to deploy TPM on embedded smart devices to ensure the security of the system operating environment. Therefore, a novel trusted boot model for embedded smart devices without TPM is proposed in this paper, in which a device with TPM provides trusted service to realize the trusted boot of embedded smart devices without TPM through the network and ensure the credibility of the system execution environment.