Network Security Resiliency - The 5G ecosystem is designed as a highly sophisticated and modularized architecture that decouples the radio access network (RAN), the multi-access edge computing (MEC) and the mobile core to enable different and scalable deployments. It leverages modern principles of virtualized network functions, microservices-based service chaining, and cloud-native software stacks. Moreover, it provides built-in security and mechanisms for slicing. Despite all these capabilities, there remain many gaps and opportunities for additional capabilities to support end-toend secure operations for applications across many domains. Although 5G supports mechanisms for network slicing and tunneling, new algorithms and mechanisms that can adapt network slice configurations dynamically to accommodate urgent and mission-critical traffic are needed. Such slices must be secure, interference-aware, and free of side channel attacks. Resilience of the 5G ecosystem itself requires an effective means for observability and (semi-)autonomous self-healing capabilities. To address this plethora of challenges, this paper presents the SECurity and REsiliency TEchniques for Differentiated 5G OPerationS (SECRETED 5G OPS) project, which is investigating fundamental new solutions that center on the zero trust, network slicing, and network augmentation dimensions, which together will achieve secure and differentiated operations in 5G networks. SECRETED 5G OPS solutions are designed to be easily deployable, minimally invasive to the existing infrastructure, not require modifications to user equipment other than possibly firmware upgrades, economically viable, standards compliant, and compliant to regulations.

Network Security Architecture - As a result of globalization, the COVID-19 pandemic and the migration of data to the cloud, the traditional security measures where an organization relies on a security perimeter and firewalls do not work. There is a shift to a concept whereby resources are not being trusted, and a zero-trust architecture (ZTA) based on a zero-trust principle is needed. Adapting zero trust principles to networks ensures that a single insecure Application Protocol Interface (API) does not become the weakest link comprising of Critical Data, Assets, Application and Services (DAAS). The purpose of this paper is to review the use of zero trust in the security of a network architecture instead of a traditional perimeter. Different software solutions for implementing secure access to applications and services for remote users using zero trust network access (ZTNA) is also summarized. A summary of the author’s research on the qualitative study of “Insecure Application Programming Interface in Zero Trust Networks” is also discussed. The study showed that there is an increased usage of zero trust in securing networks and protecting organizations from malicious cyber-attacks. The research also indicates that APIs are insecure in zero trust environments and most organization are not aware of their presence.

Network Security Architecture - Design a new generation of smart power meter components, build a smart power network, implement power meter safety protection, and complete smart power meter network security protection. The new generation of smart electric energy meters mainly complete legal measurement, safety fee control, communication, control, calculation, monitoring, etc. The smart power utilization structure network consists of the master station server, front-end processor, cryptographic machine and master station to form a master station management system. Through data collection and analysis, the establishment of intelligent energy dispatching operation, provides effective energy-saving policy algorithms and strategies, and realizes energy-smart electricity use manage. The safety protection architecture of the electric energy meter is designed from the aspects of its own safety, full-scenario application safety, and safety management. Own security protection consists of hardware security protection and software security protection. The full-scene application security protection system includes four parts: boundary security, data security, password security, and security monitoring. Security management mainly provides application security management strategies and security responsibility division strategies. The construction of the intelligent electric energy meter network system lays the foundation for network security protection.

Network Security Architecture - To prevent all sorts of attacks, the technology of security service function chains (SFC) is proposed in recent years, it becomes an attractive research highlights. Dynamic orchestration algorithm can create SFC according to the resource usage of network security functions. The current research on creating SFC focuses on a single domain. However in reality the large and complex networks are divided into security domains according to different security levels and managed separately. Therefore, we propose a cross-security domain dynamic orchestration algorithm to create SFC for network security functions based on ant colony algorithm(ACO) and consider load balancing, shortest path and minimum delay as optimization objectives. We establish a network security architecture based on the proposed algorithm, which is suitable for the industrial vertical scenarios, solves the deployment problem of the dynamic orchestration algorithm. Simulation results verify that our algorithm achieves the goal of creating SFC across security domains and demonstrate its performance in creating service function chains to resolve abnormal traffic flows.

Network Security Architecture - Software-Defined Networking or SDN (Software-Defined Networking) is a technology for software control and management of the network in order to improve its properties. Unlike classic network management technologies, which are complex and decentralized, SDN technology is a much more flexible and simple system. The new architecture may be vulnerable to several attacks leading to resource depletion and preventing the SDN controller from providing support to legitimate users. One such attack is the Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS), which is on the rise today. We suggest Modified-DDoSNet, a system for detecting DDoS attacks in the SDN environment. A model based on Deep Learning (DL) techniques will be implemented, combining a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with an Autoencoder. The proposed model, which was first trained to detect attacks, was implemented in the security architecture of the SDN network, as a new component. The security architecture of the SDN network contains a total of 13 components, each of which represents an individual part of the architecture, where the first component is the RNN - autoencoder. The model itself, which is the first component, was trained in the CICDDoS2019 dataset. It has high reliability for attack detection, which increases the security of the SDN network architecture.

Network Security Architecture - Network security isolation technology is an important means to protect the internal information security of enterprises. Generally, isolation is achieved through traditional network devices, such as firewalls and gatekeepers. However, the security rules are relatively rigid and cannot better meet the flexible and changeable business needs. Through the double sandbox structure created for each user, each user in the virtual machine is isolated from each other and security is ensured. By creating a virtual disk in a virtual machine as a user storage sandbox, and encrypting the read and write of the disk, the shortcomings of traditional network isolation methods are discussed, and the application of cloud desktop network isolation technology based on VMwarer technology in universities is expounded.

Network Security Architecture - In view of the current network security architecture of power grid enterprises does not adapt to new regulatory regulations, does not adapt to the development trend of digitalization, and the new technology of network security is not covered, this paper designs a set of network security architecture containing element views, capability views and measures views on the basis of the IPDRR network security architecture model, combined with the requirements of power grid enterprises for network security architecture, which covers the network security requirements of "collection, transmission, storage, application" and information system life cycle at the level of information system architecture. Meet new regulations and provide leadership with an understanding of the security posture of the enterprise, improving the organization s ability to defend against attacks.

Network on Chip Security - This paper designs a network security protection system based on artificial intelligence technology from two aspects of hardware and software. The system can simultaneously collect Internet public data and secret-related data inside the unit, and encrypt it through the TCM chip solidified in the hardware to ensure that only designated machines can read secret-related materials. The data edgecloud collaborative acquisition architecture based on chip encryption can realize the cross-network transmission of confidential data. At the same time, this paper proposes an edge-cloud collaborative information security protection method for industrial control systems by combining endaddress hopping and load balancing algorithms. Finally, using WinCC, Unity3D, MySQL and other development environments comprehensively, the feasibility and effectiveness of the system are verified by experiments.

Network on Chip Security - IoT technology is finding new applications every day and everywhere in our daily lives. With that, come new use cases with new challenges in terms of device and data security. One of such challenges arises from the fact that many IoT devices/nodes are no longer being deployed on owners’ premises, but rather on public or private property other than the owner’s. With potential physical access to the IoT node, adversaries can launch many attacks that circumvent conventional protection methods. In this paper, we propose Secure SoC (SecSoC), a secure system-on-chip architecture that mitigates such attacks. This include logical memory dump attacks, bus snooping attacks, and compromised operating systems. SecSoC relies on two main mechanisms, (1) providing security extensions to the compute engine that runs the user application without changing its instruction set, (2) adding a security management unit (SMU) that provide HW security primitives for encryption, hashing, random number generators, and secrets store (keys, certificates, etc.). SecSoC ensures that no secret or sensitive data can leave the SoC IC in plaintext. SecSoC is being implemented in Bluespec SystemVerilog. The experimental results will reveal the area, power, and cycle time overhead of these security extensions. Overall performance (total execution time) will also be evaluated using IoT benchmarks.

Network Intrusion Detection - Aiming at the problems of low detection accuracy, high false detection rate and high missed detection rate of traditional Intelligent Substation (I-S) secondary system network Intrusion Detection (I-D) methods, a semantic enhanced network I-D method for I-S secondary system is proposed. First of all, through the analysis of the secondary system network of I-S and the existing security risks, the information network security protection architecture is built based on network I-D. Then, the overall structure of I-S secondary network I-D is constructed by integrating CNN and BiLSTM. Finally, the semantic analysis of Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is introduced to enhance the network I-D model, which greatly improves the detection accuracy. The proposed method is compared with the other two methods under the same conditions through simulation experiments. The results show that the detection accuracy of the proposed method is the highest (95.02\%) in the face of 10 different types of attack traffic, and the false detection rate and missed detection rate are the lowest (1.3\% and 3.8\% respectively). The algorithm performance is better than the other three comparison algorithms.

Network Coding - Aiming at the problem of security transmission in the space-terrestrial integrated networks, this paper proposes a physical layer secure transmission architecture based on concatenated LT and LDPC Codes. The outer code LT code adopts real-time random sampling coding, which can form a complex random interconnection structure and fully expand the randomness. The inner code LDPC code generates different codes through the random change of cyclic shift vector, Reduce the node interconnection deterioration caused by randomization on soft decision decoding, and obtain weak randomness high-performance error correction coding through storage optimized high-performance check matrix combined with soft decision decoding. The analysis and simulation results show that the proposed security transmission method not only improves the security of transmission, but also maintains the high transmission efficiency. Therefore it can be applied to the field of secure communication.

Named Data Network Security - Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming an important approach to accomplish healthcare monitoring where critical medical data retrieval is essential in a secure and private manner. Nevertheless, IoT devices have constrained resources. Therefore, acquisition of efficient, secure and private data is very challenging. The current research on applying architecture of Named Data Networking (NDN) to IoT design reveals very promising results. Therefore, we are motivated to combine NDN and IoT, which we call NDN-IoT architecture, for a healthcare application. Inspired by the idea, we propose a healthcare monitoring groundwork integrating NDN concepts into IoT in Contiki NG OS at the network layer that we call µNDN as it is a micro and light-weight implementation. We quantitatively explore the usage of the NDN-IoT approach to understand its efficiency for medical data retrieval. Reliability and delay performances were evaluated and analyzed for a remote health application. Our results, in this study, show that the µNDN architecture performs better than IP architecture when retrieving medical data. Thus, it is worth exploring the µNDN architecture further.

Named Data Network Security - This research focuses on the interest flooding attack model and its impact on the consumer in the Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture. NDN is a future internet network architecture has advantages compared to the current internet architecture. The NDN communication model changes the communication paradigm from a packet delivery model based on IP addresses to names. Data content needed is not directly taken from the provider but stored in a distributed manner on the router. Other consumer request data can served by nearest router. It will increase the speed of data access and reduce delay. The changes communication model also have an impact on the existing security system. One attack that may occur is the threat of a denial of service (DoS) known as an interest flooding attack. This attack makes the network services are being unavailable. This paper discussed examining the interest flooding attack model that occurred and its impact on the performance of NDN. The result shows that interest flooding attacks can decrease consumer satisfied interest.

Named Data Network Security - Named Data Networking (NDN) is a network with a future internet architecture that changes the point of view in networking from host-centric to data-centric. Named data networking provides a network system where the routing system is no longer dependent on traditional IP. Network packets are routed through nodes by name. When many manufacturers produce packages with different names for several consumers, routing with load balancing is necessary. The case study carried out is to conduct a simulation by connecting all UIN campuses into a topology with the name UIN Topology in Indonesia, using several scenarios to describe the effectiveness of the load balancer on the UIN topology in Indonesia. This study focuses on load balancer applications to reduce delays in Named Data Networking (NDN), the topology of UIN in Indonesia.

Named Data Network Security - With the growing recognition that current Internet protocols have significant security flaws; several ongoing research projects are attempting to design potential next-generation Internet architectures to eliminate flaws made in the past. These projects are attempting to address privacy and security as their essential parameters. NDN (Named Data Networking) is a new networking paradigm that is being investigated as a potential alternative for the present host-centric IP-based Internet architecture. It concentrates on content delivery, which is probably underserved by IP, and it prioritizes security and privacy. NDN must be resistant to present and upcoming threats in order to become a feasible Internet framework. DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service) attacks are serious attacks that have the potential to interrupt servers, systems, or application layers. Due to the probability of this attack, the network security environment is made susceptible. The resilience of any new architecture against the DDoS attacks which afflict today s Internet is a critical concern that demands comprehensive consideration. As a result, research on feature selection approaches was conducted in order to use machine learning techniques to identify DDoS attacks in NDN. In this research, features were chosen using the Information Gain and Data Reduction approach with the aid of the WEKA machine learning tool to identify DDoS attacks. The dataset was tested using KNearest Neighbor (KNN), Decision Table, and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithms to categorize the selected features. Experimental results shows that Decision Table classifier outperforms well when compared to other classification algorithms with the with the accuracy of 85.42\% and obtained highest precision and recall score with 0.876 and 0.854 respectively when compared to the other classification techniques.

MANET Security - Mobile ad hoc networks can expand access networks service zones and offer wireless to previously unconnected or spotty areas. Ad hoc networking faces transmission failures limited wireless range, disguised terminal faults and packet losses, mobility-induced route alterations, and battery constraints. A network layer metric shows total network performance. Ad-hoc networking provides access networks, dynamic multi-hop architecture, and peer-to-peer communication. In MANET, each node acts as a router, determining the optimum route by travelling through other nodes. MANET includes dynamic topology, fast deployment, energy-restricted operation, and adjustable capacity and bandwidth. Dynamic MANET increases security vulnerabilities. Researchers have employed intrusion detection, routing, and other techniques to provide security solutions. Current technologies can t safeguard network nodes. In a hostile environment, network performance decreases as nodes increase. This paper presents a reliable and energy-efficient Firefly Energy Optimized Routing (IFEOR)-based routing method to maximise MANET data transmission energy. IFEOR measures MANET firefly light intensity to improve routing stability. The route path s energy consumption determines the firefly s brightness during MANET data packet transfer. Adopting IFEOR enhanced packet delivery rates and routing overheads. End-to-end delay isn t reduced since nodes in a route may be idle before sending a message. Unused nodes use energy.

MANET Attack Detection - The MANET architecture's future growth will make extensive use of encryption and encryption to keep network participants safe. Using a digital signature node id, we illustrate how we may stimulate the safe growth of subjective clusters while simultaneously addressing security and energy efficiency concerns. The dynamic topology of MANET allows nodes to join and exit at any time. A form of attack known as a black hole assault was used to accomplish this. To demonstrate that he had the shortest path with the least amount of energy consumption, an attacker in MATLAB R2012a used a digital signature ID to authenticate the node from which he wished to intercept messages (DSEP). “Digital Signature”, “MANET,” and “AODV” are all terms used to describe various types of digital signatures. Black Hole Attack, Single Black Hole Attack, Digital Signature, and DSEP are just a few of the many terms associated with MANET.

MANET Attack Prevention - The MANET architecture's future growth will make extensive use of encryption and encryption to keep network participants safe. Using a digital signature node id, we illustrate how we may stimulate the safe growth of subjective clusters while simultaneously addressing security and energy efficiency concerns. The dynamic topology of MANET allows nodes to join and exit at any time. A form of attack known as a black hole assault was used to accomplish this. To demonstrate that he had the shortest path with the least amount of energy consumption, an attacker in MATLAB R2012a used a digital signature ID to authenticate the node from which he wished to intercept messages (DSEP). “Digital Signature”, “MANET,” and “AODV” are all terms used to describe various types of digital signatures. Black Hole Attack, Single Black Hole Attack, Digital Signature, and DSEP are just a few of the many terms associated with MANET.

Intrusion Intolerance - Network intrusion detection technology has developed for more than ten years, but due to the network intrusion is complex and variable, it is impossible to determine the function of network intrusion behaviour. Combined with the research on the intrusion detection technology of the cluster system, the network security intrusion detection and mass alarms are realized. Method: This article starts with an intrusion detection system, which introduces the classification and workflow. The structure and working principle of intrusion detection system based on protocol analysis technology are analysed in detail. Results: With the help of the existing network intrusion detection in the network laboratory, the Synflood attack has successfully detected, which verified the flexibility, accuracy, and high reliability of the protocol analysis technology. Conclusion: The high-performance cluster-computing platform designed in this paper is already available. The focus of future work will strengthen the functions of the cluster-computing platform, enhancing stability, and improving and optimizing the fault tolerance mechanism.

Information Centric Networks - This work expands on our prior work on an architecture and supporting protocols to efficiently integrate constrained devices into an Information-Centric Network-based Internet of Things in a way that is both secure and scalable. In this work, we propose a scheme for addressing additional threats and integrating trust-based behavioral observations and attribute-based access control by leveraging the capabilities of less constrained coordinating nodes at the network edge close to IoT devices. These coordinating devices have better insight into the behavior of their constituent devices and access to a trusted overall security management cloud service. We leverage two modules, the security manager (SM) and trust manager (TM). The former provides data confidentiality, integrity, authentication, and authorization, while the latter analyzes the nodes behavior using a trust model factoring in a set of service and network communication attributes. The trust model allows trust to be integrated into the SM s access control policies, allowing access to resources to be restricted to trusted nodes.

Information Centric Networks - The 6G wireless communication networks are being studied to build a powerful networking system with global coverage, enhanced spectral/energy/cost efficiency, better intelligent level and security. This paper presents a four-in-one networking paradigm named 3CL-Net that would broaden and strengthen the capabilities of current networking by introducing ubiquitous computing, caching, and intelligence over the communication connection to build 6G-required capabilities. To evaluate the practicability of 3CL-Net, this paper designs a platform based on the 3CL-Net architecture. The platform adopts leader-followers structure that could support all functions of 3CL-Net, but separate missions of 3CL-Net into two parts. Moreover, this paper has implemented part of functions as a prototype, on which some experiments are carried out. The results demonstrate that 3CL-Net is potential to be a practical and effective network paradigm to meet future requirements, meanwhile, 3CL-Net could motivate designs of related platforms as well.

Industrial Control Systems - The Industrial Internet expands the attack surface of industrial control systems(ICS), bringing cybersecurity threats to industrial controllers located in operation technology(OT) networks. Honeypot technology is an important means to detect network attacks. However, the existing honeypot system cannot simulate business logic and is difficult to resist highly concealed APT attacks. This paper proposes a high-simulation ICS security defense framework based on virtualization technology. The framework utilizes virtualization technology to build twins for protected control systems. The architecture can infer the execution results of control instructions in advance based on actual production data, so as to discover hidden attack behaviors in time. This paper designs and implements a prototype system and demonstrates the effectiveness and potential of this architecture for ICS security.

This paper provides an end-to-end solution to defend against known microarchitectural attacks such as speculative execution attacks, fault-injection attacks, covert and side channel attacks, and unknown or evasive versions of these attacks. Current defenses are attack specific and can have unacceptably high performance overhead. We propose an approach that reduces the overhead of state-of-art defenses by over 95%, by applying defenses only when attacks are detected. Many current proposed mitigations are not practical for deployment; for example, InvisiSpec has 27% overhead and Fencing has 74% overhead while protecting against only Spectre attacks. Other mitigations carry similar performance penalties. We reduce the overhead for InvisiSpec to 1.26% and for Fencing to 3.45% offering performance and security for not only spectre attacks but other known transient attacks as well, including the dangerous class of LVI and Rowhammer attacks, as well as covering a large set of future evasive and zero-day attacks. Critical to our approach is an accurate detector that is not fooled by evasive attacks and that can generalize to novel zero-day attacks. We use a novel Generative framework, Evasion Vaccination (EVAX) for training ML models and engineering new security-centric performance counters. EVAX significantly increases sensitivity to detect and classify attacks in time for mitigation to be deployed with low false positives (4 FPs in every 1M instructions in our experiments). Such performance enables efficient and timely mitigations, enabling the processor to automatically switch between performance and security as needed.

Under the situation of regular epidemic prevention and control, teleworking has gradually become a normal working mode. With the development of modern information technologies such as big data, cloud computing and mobile Internet, it's become a problem that how to build an effective security defense system to ensure the information security of teleworking in complex network environment while ensuring the availability, collaboration and efficiency of teleworking. One of the solutions is Zero Trust Network(ZTN), most enterprise infrastructures will operate in a hybrid zero trust/perimeter-based mode while continuing to invest in IT modernization initiatives and improve organization business processes. In this paper, we have systematically studied the zero trust principles, the logical components of zero trust architecture and the key technology of zero trust network. Based on the abstract model of zero trust architecture and information security technologies, a prototype has been realized which suitable for iOS terminals to access enterprise resources safely in teleworking mode.

Due to the widespread use of the Internet of Things (IoT) in recent years, the need for IoT technologies to handle communications with the rest of the globe has grown dramatically. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) play a vital role in the operation of the IoT. The creation of Internet of Things operating systems (OS), which can handle the newly constructed IoT hardware, as well as new protocols and procedures for all communication levels, all of which are now in development, will pave the way for the future. When compared to other devices, these gadgets require a comparatively little amount of electricity, memory, and other resources. This has caused the scientific community to become more aware of the relevance of IoT device operating systems as a result of their findings. These devices may be made more versatile and powerful by including an operating system that contains real-time capabilities, kernel, networking, and other features, among other things. IEEE 802.15.4 networks are linked together using IPv6, which has a wide address space and so enables more devices to connect to the internet using the 6LoWPAN protocol. It is necessary to address some privacy and security issues that have arisen as a result of the widespread use of the Internet, notwithstanding the great benefits that have resulted. For the Internet of Things operating systems, this research has provided a network security architecture that ensures secure communication by utilizing the Cooja network simulator in combination with the Contiki operating system and demonstrate and explained how the nodes can protect from the network layer and physical layer attacks. Also, this research has depicted the energy consumption results of each designated node type during the authentication and communication process. Finally, proposed a few further improvements for the architecture which will enhance the network layer protection.